Differences in health systems and infrastructure also matter. The Spanish flu reached its height in autumn 1918 but raged until 1920, ... France's wartime trenches, ridden with filth, disease, and death, were originally seen as the flu… To better understand this deadly virus, an expert group of researchers and virus hunters set out to search for the lost 1918 virus, sequence its genome, recreate the virus in a highly safe and regulated laboratory setting at CDC, and ultimately study its secrets to better prepare for future pandemics. (2009) around 700,000 died worldwide.17. Have you heard there are over 10,000 dengue cases registered in Mexico? Patterson and Pyle (1991) wrote ‘we believe that approximately 30 million is the best estimate for the terrible demographic toll of the influenza pandemic of 1918’ and published a range from 24.7-39.3 million deaths. Morens D. M., Taubenberger J. K., Fauci A. S. (2008) – Predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. While most of the world is much richer and healthier now, the concern today too is that it is the poorest people that are going to be hit hardest by the COVID-19 outbreak.22. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. After the director of the hospital knew about the situation, he ordered to have a pavilion ready for their arrival that will be exclusively destined for those affected with the mentioned disease and in which, as usual, there will be perfect antisepsis. Estimates as to how many infected people died vary greatly, but the flu is regardless considered to be one of the deadliest pandemicsin history. (2002) – Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 “Spanish” influenza pandemic. (2018) concluded that earlier estimates have been too high. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 65(1), p.4. The calculation is (17,400,000/1,832,196,157)*100=0.95. The visualization here shows the available estimates from the different research publication discussed in the following. He said the ship “Alfonso XII” arrived with 1,200 migrants on board, out of which 23 died due to the terrible disease and 300 were infected. Instead historians try to reconstruct the population figures for 5-year or 10-year intervals and the annual estimates are interpolations between these estimates. We have a page dedicated to the research and data on the Coronavirus outbreak. Is Mexico ready to face the coronavirus health emergency? Overall, the Spanish flu was present in England from June 1918 to April 1920 in three different waves, meaning it was in the country for just under two years. We use the CDC, NIH and individual state and county databases for verification and supplementation for USA data. During the Spanish flu from 1918 to 1919 around 50 million people were estimated to have died. The Spanish flu, unusually for an influenza, was less lethal for older people, perhaps because a similar 1830s flu outbreak granted older people still alive in … “Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic”. Our ambassador in Havanna sent a cablegram to the Foreign Affairs Ministry reporting that the “Spanish Flu” pandemic has appeared and is expanding on the whole island, mainly to the eastern provinces. The light green line, for example, represents the life expectancy for children who had reached age 10. As of 25 October, over 13,000 cases had been confirmed in India, with 444 deaths, starting with a 13-year-old girl's death in … Thinking there may be … who died during the 1918-1920 Influenza pandemic. If we look at mortality for both lower respiratory infections (pneumonia) and upper respiratory infections today, death rates are highest for those who are 70 years and older. ], This influenza outbreak wasn’t restricted to Spain and it didn’t even originate there (recent research by Olson et al. What becomes clear from this overview are two things: influenza pandemics are not rare, but the Spanish flu of 1918 was by far the most devastating influenza pandemic in recorded history. Our World In Data is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433). We’ve also seen above that during the Spanish flu many countries tried to suppress any information about the influenza outbreak. Patterson, K.D. These differences suggest that one should be cautious in drawing lessons from the outbreak a century ago. One of the deadliest pandemics in human history was the one that took place in 1918 when the “Spanish Flu” spread and had a toll of 50 million deaths all over the world. Yesterday, by orders of the Public Health Department, 40 persons infected by the flu were received in the General Hospital of this city. Yesterday, he gave orders for all hosing vehicles of the Public Works Service to work constantly so that, filled with a strong creolin solution, they hose the streets of this city at least twice a day. Health measures The number of deaths was estimated to be at least 50 million worldwide with about 675,000 occurring in the United States. 1918 flu pandemic in India was the outbreak of an unusually deadly influenza pandemic in India between 1918-1920 as a part of the worldwide Spanish flu pandemic. It was the Spanish flu. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30411-6. Health authorities have noticed the danger that lingers upon the Republic, and to prevent its propagation, the Health Department has ordered the following measures. Almost exactly 100 years ago, one-third of the world's population found itself infected in a deadly viral pandemic. Is COVID-19 worse than the 1918 Spanish flu? This is in order to prevent the propagation of the terrible “Spanish flu” that is wreaking havoc in the region. Related Pages. Med. *Traffic between Monterrey and Torreón suspended Subsequent outbreaks gradually became less catastrophic. On Alaska also see here and on Samoa see here. Published in 2009 by the WHO. Novel swine-origin influenza A virus in humans: another pandemic knocking at the door. SALTILLO, Coah., October 9. How do these estimates compare with the size of the world population at the time? 198 962–970. This is at odds with what we would expect: older populations tend to be most vulnerable to influenza outbreaks and respiratory infections. Please consult our full legal disclaimer. Mexico was not exempt from this health crisis that took thousands of lives. Smith (1995) estimates that the Russian flu killed 132,000 in England, Wales, and Ireland. Published online 2013 Aug 5. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069586. The denser the population, the more havoc, and Mexico City is optimal for the development and propagation of the new pandemic. Online here. A 1991 paper revised the mortality as being in the range 24.7-39.3 million. Our World in Data presents the data and research to make progress against the world’s largest problems. (1995) – The Russian influenza in the United Kingdom, 1889-1894. *Infested ships will only be allowed in Veracruz, where they will be put on strict quarantine. As we’ve seen above, the Spanish flu in 1918 was especially dangerous to infants and younger people. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-009-0118-5 Online here. This long-term rise of life expectancy at all ages is the focus of this accompanying text here. And if it was in fact higher – 100 million as these authors suggest – then the global death rate would have been 5.4%.10, The world population was growing by around 13 million every year in this period which suggests that the period of the Spanish flu was likely the last time in history when the world population was declining.11, The Spanish flu pandemic was the largest, but not the only large recent influenza pandemic. It was patchy. And not just health systems were different, but also the health and living conditions of the global population. In J Glob Health. The sickness had a strong presence in the north of the country and the government implemented drastic measures, such as closing the borders and hosing the streets with creolin – a strong disinfectant – to avoid its propagation. Partly online on Google books. Today planes can carry people and viruses to many corners of the world in a very short time. Mr. José M. de la Garza, Municipal President of Mexico is seriously worried about the invasion of the Spanish Flu pandemic threatening Mexico City. Proc. Michaelis, M., Doerr, H.W. "Fortunately, the government is already in charge of ordering the measures it considers efficient to limit the blow, whose effects we hope not to be as important as some assert. But the authors suggest that this could be an underestimation and that the true death toll was as high as 100 million.7, The more recent study by Spreeuwenberg et al. Paget et al (2019) suggest an average of 389,000 with an uncertainty range 294,000 from 518,000.4. Feb 17;41(2):145-151. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003. The Spanish flu hit the world in the days before antibiotics were invented; and many deaths, perhaps most, were not caused by the influenza virus itself, but by secondary bacterial infections. Writing in early March 2020 it is an obvious question to ask how the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 compares. Smith F. B. More than 100 years before the coronavirus outbreak, the world was ravaged by the Spanish Flu pandemic, which infected an estimated one-third of the global population. Meanwhile, in San Pedro, Coahuila, the disease has continued growing and there are days in which the victims ascend to 100. & Cinatl, J. It shows that life expectancy increased at all ages, which means that the often-heard assertion that life expectancy ‘only’ increased because child mortality declined is not true. One reason why this pandemic was so devastating was that young people accounted for a large share of the population. Online here. The ‘Spanish Flu’ pandemic is only present in Mexico with the characteristics of a disease previously known as the common cold and it does not have, as it has been said, alarming symptoms that could cause a true pandemic that could cause numerous victims in the Republic. [If you want to understand this in more detail you find our discussion of it here. page dedicated to the research and data on the Coronavirus outbreak, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3750-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-009-0118-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30411-6. Online here. PMID 30202996. Smith F. B. When the Spanish flu pandemic reached Australia in 1919, a quarantine camp set up in Adelaide was more a party than a chore, according to written accounts. (1995) – The Russian influenza in the United Kingdom, 1889-1894. The chief of the Health Department proposed to the President of the Republic to adopt the following measures that were approved: Dr. Ballina’s Opinion Spanish Flu: the virus that changed the world; 10 facts about the Black Death; Why was Spanish Flu called Spanish flu? The virus spread rapidly and eventually reached all parts of the world: the epidemic became a pandemic.2, Even in a much less-connected world the virus eventually reached extremely remote places such as the Alaskan wilderness and Samoa in the middle of the Pacific islands.3. Soc. (2018) implies that the Spanish flu killed almost 1% (0.95%) of the world population.9, If we rely on the estimate of 50 million deaths published by Johnson and Mueller, it implies that the Spanish flu killed 2.7% of the world population. The news we have about the affectations the “Spanish Flu” is causing, both abroad and in our country, will surely make our people to be prepared for the terrible blow, supporting the actions of the Department. David Arnold (2019) estimates … Temples, schools, theaters, and other places were people can gather have been closed. Epidemiological evidence of an early wave of the 1918 influenza pandemic in New York City. Online here. As with Spanish flu, no-one was exempt from the virus: the Prime Minister of the UK Boris Johnson was hospitalised with Covid-19 in April 2020 and the President of the United States of America, President Trump, suffered similarly in October. Online here. The Spanish flu led to record death tolls. All inhabitants, even those with few elements, can collaborate in this task with a bit of goodwill and basic hygiene. Mortality was high in people younger than 5 years old, … Hist. This was not just an achievement across these countries; life expectancy has doubled in all regions of the world. While peak mortality was reached in 1918 the pandemic did not end until two years later in late 1920. Online here. Margaret Pitt, then a pupil at Milton Mount College in Gravesend, recalled being offered something milder to drink: “The school was warned [of] the coming epidemic, so they tried to get us all home early before the Easter holidays. Traffic between Monterrey and Torreón suspended When the flu rampaged through Spain, the Spanish government publicly announced the epidemic. This is how EL UNIVERSAL covered the presence of the Spanish Flu in Mexico: On Guard Against the Spanish FluOctober 101, 1918, *The Health Department adopts energetic measures to prevent the pandemic from expanding Spanish Flu was the most serious pandemic in history, with millions of deaths worldwide. (2020) – “Preparedness and Vulnerability of African Countries against Importations of COVID-19: A Modelling Study.” The Lancet (February 20, 2020). The pandemic at Havanna – Measures Against Infested Ships Online here. The primary focus was on passengers entering from the US, The United Kingdom, Canada, Mexico, France and New Zealand. *While Mexico says it has reduced in the North, Monterrey says the disease is worsening. Period life expectancy is a measure of the population’s health in one year. Natl. This is alarming because the population is between 10,000 and 12,000 persons. The new coronavirus that causes COVID-19 appears to be most lethal to the elderly, based on early evidence in China.20. Burnet F. M., Clark E. (1942) – Influenza: A Survey of the Last 50 Years in the Light of Modern Work on the Virus of Epidemic Influenza. Unlike Spanish flu where young people were most affected, Covid-19 appeared to be most deadly amongst the older population. However, it must be acknowledged that even this vast figure may be substantially lower than the real toll, perhaps as much as 100 percent understated.”. This means that in recent years the flu was responsible for the death of 0.0052% of the world population – one person out of 18,750.5 Even in comparison to the low estimate for the death count of the Spanish flu (17.4 million) this pandemic, more than a century ago, caused a death rate that was 182 -times higher than today’s baseline. "Be that as it may, and regarding the development with which the mentioned disease has invaded the central region, the government must not be left alone with the task of sanitizing the city to prevent the attack. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi (2020) – The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Did you know the coronavirus outbreak is an international emergency? More recently, between 151,700 and 575,400 people died from the swine flu or … As many as 17 million died in India, about 5% of the population. The appearance of the “Spanish Flu” in our country has acquired alarming characteristics for it is present in several places as a strong pandemic. The black death, at least to begin with. A new pathogen can cause terrible devastation and lead to the death of millions. License: All of Our World in Data is completely open access and all work is licensed under the Creative Commons BY license. For this reason the Spanish flu has been cited as a warning and as a motivation to prepare well for large pandemic outbreaks, which have been considered likely by many researchers.23. The virus that causes COVID-19 is a coronavirus, not an influenza virus that caused the Spanish flu and the other influenza pandemics listed above. 10 Misconceptions About the 1918 ‘Spanish Flu’ In the pandemic of 1918, between 50 and 100 million people are thought to have died, … Two decades before the Spanish flu the Russian flu pandemic (1889-1894) is believed to have killed 1 million people.12, Estimates for the death toll of the “Asian Flu” (1957-1958) vary between 1.5 and 4 million. Soc. As you will surely remember, we reported it was known that in Juchitepec, Tenango del Aire in the State of Mexico, there had been some “Spanish Flu” cases registered and so we investigated the result of the test performed by the Department. With respect to the impact of the Spanish flu it is striking that the visualization shows that the pandemic had very little impact on older people. P. Spreeuwenberg; et al. To make sense of the fact life expectancy declined so abruptly, one has to understand what it measures. and Mueller, J. J. Clin. Paget et al (2019) suggest an “average of 389 000 (uncertainty range 294 000-518 000) respiratory deaths were associated with influenza globally each year”. Several research teams have worked on the difficult problem of reconstructing the global health impact of the pandemic. Johnson, N.P. (2019) – A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919. Patients die from asphyxiation. Online here. The Spanish Flu pandemicFriday, January 11, 1918. Online here. The Spanish Flu is losing groundWednesday, October 16, 1918, * Only in San Pedro, Coahuila the disease is increasing with up to 100 daily deaths OUR DATA: We use the most recent data from these primary sources: WHO, World Bank, UNESCO, CIA and individual country databases for global health and causes of death. And we say this because the so-called flu, which has had fatal results in Europe with victims year after year, is harmless in these regions where it is only a more or less intense cold. Español. John Paget, Peter Spreeuwenberg, Vivek Charu Robert J Taylor, A Danielle Iuliano, Joseph Bresee, Lone Simonsen, Cecile Viboud,3 and for the Global Seasonal Influenza-associated Mortality Collaborator Network and GLaMOR Collaborating Teams (2019) – Global mortality associated with seasonal influenza epidemics: New burden estimates and predictors from the GLaMOR Project. It is highly probable a similar measure will be taken in the Coahuila and Pacific railways because the city of Saltillo wants to be isolated since it has not been invaded by the pandemic yet. But the Spanish flu reminds us just how large the impact of an pandemic can be, even in countries that had already been successful in improving population health. With the objective of providing our readers with relevant statements about the “Spanish Flu” pandemic, here are the statements made by Dr. Francisco Ballina, director of the Spanish Hospital: “First. * Medications will be brought from the United States. Published in 2009 by the WHO. (2009) published an estimate of 2–4 million.14, According to a WHO publication the “Hong Kong Flu” (1968-1969) killed between 1 and 4 million people.15, Michaelis et al. It is becoming apparent that there are differences in the death rates for different groups during the Coronavirus pandemic, and there is no clear explanation of why this is. BMC Infect Dis 19, 117 (2019). Based on this, the low estimate of 17.4 million deaths by Spreeuwenberg et al. Olson D. R., Simonsen L., Edelson P. J., Morse S. S. (2005). The development of the flu in the capitalTuesday, October 15, 1918. (2009) published a lower estimate of 1–2 million.16, The Russian Flu pandemic of 1977-78 was caused by the same H1N1 virus that caused the Spanish flu. Gatherer (2009)13 published the estimate of 1.5 million, while Michaelis et al. According to information supplied by the Civil Registry, there were 11 cases of death registered with no other event worth mentioning. Roman Duda (2016) – Problem profile: Biorisk reduction. The research literature suggests that this was the case because older people had lived through an earlier flu outbreak – the already discussed ‘Russian flu pandemic’ of 1889–90 – which gave those who lived through it some immunity for the later outbreak of the Spanish flu.18, The earlier 1889-90 pandemic might have given the older population some immunity, but was a destructive event in itself. The Spanish flu hit the world in the days before antibiotics were invented; and many deaths, perhaps most, were not caused by the influenza virus itself, but by secondary bacterial infections. Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. Nickol, M.E., Kindrachuk, J. The early epidemics had mortality rates estimated at 40%. The red line shows the life expectancy for a newborn, with the rainbow-colored lines above showing how long a person could expect to live once they had reached that given, older, age. Online here. According to Michaelis et al. The 1918 H1N1 flu virus caused the deadliest pandemic of the 20th century. 70% of the population is infected by the terrible disease and the first death has been of the local congressman Enrique Dávila. All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. 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