Ahmed Zarruq, Zaineb Istrabadi, Hamza Yusuf Hanson – "The Principles of Sufism". In his first treatise, Concerning the Spiritual in Art, he had emphasized in particular the supposed expressiveness of colours, comparing yellow, for example, to the aggressive, allegedly earthly sound of a trumpet and comparing blue to the allegedly heavenly sound of the pipe organ. 1910. [112], Spiritual experiences plays a central role in modern spirituality. Claridge, G. (2010) Spiritual experience: Healthy psychoticism? All practices aim at purifying ego-centeredness, and direct the abilities at the divine reality. A few[quantify] religious leaders have shown openness to modern science and its methods. Nature is a mirror image of spirit, perceptive awareness of nature can be spirituality. On Painting, in English, De Pictura, in Latin Arxivləşdirilib 2006-11-02 at the Wayback Machine; Max Dörner – The Materials of the Artist and Their Use in Painting: With Notes on the Techniques of the Old Masters Kandinsky – Concerning the Spiritual in Art (Dover Publications) Each person is "a living creed of his religion." Social bonds available via secular sources (i.e., not unique to spirituality or faith-based groups) might just as effectively raise well-being. CONCERNING THE SPIRITUAL IN ART BY WASSILY KANDINSKY [TRANSLATED BY MICHAEL T. H. SADLER] Note: This text was originally published in 1911 as Über das Geistige in der Kunst. The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various connotations can be found alongside each other. Jean Varenne (1976), Yoga and the Hindu Tradition, University of Chicago Press. [22][note 3] In the 13th century "spirituality" acquired a social and psychological meaning. The Art of Spiritual Harmony, conv. Culture 31 December 2016 21 March 2020. Secular spirituality emphasizes humanistic ideas on moral character (qualities such as love, compassion, patience, tolerance, forgiveness, contentment, responsibility, harmony, and a concern for others). Evidence for Two Independent Dispositions", "Buddhist Modernism and the Rhetoric of Meditative Experience", "The Rhetoric of Experience and the Study of Religion", "Hu Shih: Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism in China. In Dutch: "Zuiverheid van motieven, affecties, wilsintenties, innerlijke disposities, de psychologie van het geestelijk leven, de analyse van de gevoelens". Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) was a group of artists united in rejection of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München in Munich, Germany.The group was founded by a number of Russian emigrants, including Wassily Kandinsky, Alexej von Jawlensky, Marianne von Werefkin, and native German artists, such as Franz Marc, August Macke and Gabriele Münter.They considered that the … There is also some suggestion that the benefits associated with spirituality and religiosity might arise from being a member of a close-knit community. (. Wall was exposed to writers, e.g., James Joyce and George Bernard Shaw; and jazz in this period, all of which influenced his art. Schleiermacher used the idea of "religious experience" to defend religion against the growing scientific and secular critique. Psychobiology of drug-induced religious experience: From the brain 'locus of religion' to cognitive unbinding. [12], Bergomi detects "an enlightened form of non-religious spirituality" in Late Antiquity. Various Buddhist Paths to liberation developed throughout the ages. Nuh Ha Mim Keller, "How would you respond to the claim that Sufism is Bid'a? He is … In Sikhism there is no dogma,[95] priests, monastics or yogis. Sy bydrae in Die Blou Ruiter Almanak en die verhandeling "On The Spiritual Art" (wat in 1910 gepubliseer is) was albei 'n verdediging en bevordering van abstrakte kuns. Leone Battista Alberti, De Pictura (On Painting), 1435. In Dutch: "de hemelse lichtsfeer tegenover de duistere wereld van de materie". The study results and interpretation highlighted the complexity and challenges of measurement of spirituality cross-culturally. Rabbinic Judaism (or in some Christian traditions,[which?] "[61] It is an important concept in Buddhist praxis (Patipatti). Kabbalah is a set of esoteric teachings meant to explain the relationship between an unchanging, eternal and mysterious Ein Sof (no end) and the mortal and finite universe (his creation). Fatwa accessible at: Zubair Fattani, "The meaning of Tasawwuf", Islamic Academy. The distinction between the spiritual and the religious became more common in the popular mind during the late 20th century with the rise of secularism and the advent of the New Age movement. It is characterised by the belief that the Written Torah ("Law" or "Instruction") cannot be correctly interpreted without reference to the Oral Torah and by the voluminous literature specifying what behavior is sanctioned by the law (called halakha, "the way"). This text is in the public domain and may be freely reproduced. It involves initiation into the school, undergoing rituals, and achieving moksha liberation by experiencing union of cosmic polarities. [65][78] Other scholars[79] suggest that these Hindu spiritual practices are not mutually exclusive, but overlapping. [2][3][note 1] Surveys of the definition of the term, as used in scholarly research, show a broad range of definitions with limited overlap. The influence of Asian traditions on western modern spirituality was also furthered by the perennial philosophy, whose main proponent Aldous Huxley was deeply influenced by Swami Vivekananda's Neo-Vedanta and universalism,[33] and the spread of social welfare, education and mass travel after World War II. [91][92][93] and which must be seen with 'the inward eye', or the 'heart', of a human being.[94]. He was a major figure in modern art and painted some of the first modern abstract works. According to one 2005 poll, about 24% of the United States population identifies itself as "spiritual but not religious". For example, earth teaches steadfastness and the wisdom that all things while pursuing their own activities, do nothing but follow the divine laws that are universally established; another wisdom from earth is her example of accepting the good and bad from everyone. [109] However, Schuurmans-Stekhoven (2013) actively attempted to replicate this research and found more "mixed" results. Stroud, Barry. Chester: Wiley-Blackwell. Bibliographic Record . In this remarkable book, anticipating “the spiritual turning-point” Kandinsky reflects on his understanding of progress in this direction. …Geistige in der Kunst (1912; Concerning the Spiritual in Art). Her work has been informed by Paul Cezanne and cubism, Willem de Kooning and the ideas of Wassily Kandinsky expressed in his 1910 book Concerning the Spiritual in Art. Suzuki. The Transcendentalists emphasised an intuitive, experiential approach of religion. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, an 11th-century Islamic scholar, referenced a statement by the companion of Muhammad, Jabir ibn Abd-Allah: The Prophet ... returned from one of his battles, and thereupon told us, 'You have arrived with an excellent arrival, you have come from the Lesser Jihad to the Greater Jihad – the striving of a servant (of Allah) against his desires (holy war). VI. [web 1], The term "spiritual", matters "concerning the spirit", is derived from Old French spirituel (12c. Klaus Klostermaier (2007), A Survey of Hinduism, 3rd Edition, SUNY Press. Novi Eboraci: Dover Publications Inc. ISBN 0-486-23411-8. [26] He was one of the major figures in Transcendentalism, an early 19th-century liberal Protestant movement, which was rooted in English and German Romanticism, the Biblical criticism of Johann Gottfried Herder and Friedrich Schleiermacher, the skepticism of Hume,[web 4] and Neo-Platonism. [21] The New Testament offers the concept of being driven by the Holy Spirit, as opposed to living a life in which one rejects this influence. Fort, A.O. Nevertheless, many humanists (e.g. (1987), The Nature of Faith in the Śaṅkaran Vedānta Tradition, Numen, 34(1), pp. W.; the knowledge of the soul Lit. [8] Contemporary spirituality is also called "post-traditional spirituality" and "New Age spirituality". In Clarke, I. [web 5] Following Schleiermacher,[29] an individual's intuition of truth was taken as the criterion for truth. (...). Margaret A. Burkhardt and Mary Gail Nagai-Jacobson. "[unreliable source? He lives in Toronto, Ontario and his work is represented by Olga Korper Gallery, Toronto. [40] The term "spiritual" is now frequently used in contexts in which the term "religious" was formerly employed. "[1] This impedes the systematic study of spirituality and the capacity to communicate findings meaningfully. Psilocybin can occasion mystical type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance Psychopharmacology, 187:268–83. The term was used within early Christianity to refer to a life oriented toward the Holy Spirit[6] and broadened during the Late Middle Ages to include mental aspects of life. [71] Karma marga is the path of one's work, where diligent practical work or vartta (Sanskrit: वार्त्ता, profession) becomes in itself a spiritual practice, and work in daily life is perfected as a form of spiritual liberation and not for its material rewards. Koenig, H.G. [56] Alternatively, in the words of the Darqawi Sufi teacher Ahmad ibn Ajiba, "a science through which one can know how to travel into the presence of the Divine, purify one's inner self from filth, and beautify it with a variety of praiseworthy traits".[57]. Contemporary proponents of spirituality may suggest that spirituality develops inner peace and forms a foundation for happiness. They are strong adherents to the principal of tolerance, peace and against any form of violence. [97] Despite the rapid social, economic and political changes of the last century, traditional religion remains the essential background for many African people. Kabbalah (literally "receiving"), is an esoteric method, discipline and school of thought of Judaism. to be an important aspect of modern spirituality, this does not imply spirituality is essential to achieving happiness (e.g. There is no concern for spiritual matters apart from ones physical and communal life. [55], Classical Sufi scholars have defined Sufism as "a science whose objective is the reparation of the heart and turning it away from all else but God". Roy attempted to modernise and reform Hinduism, from the idea of Universalism. When used on its own bhavana signifies 'spiritual cultivation' generally. [88], According to Guru Nanak, the goal is to attain the "attendant balance of separation-fusion, self-other, action-inaction, attachment-detachment, in the course of daily life",[89] the polar opposite to a self-centered existence. John Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Rosen Publishing New York. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. David Carpenter, Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Editor: Knut Jacobsen (2010), Volume II, Brill. Social practices. ][49][50][note 7], The best known form of Islamic mystic spirituality is the Sufi tradition (famous through Rumi and Hafiz) in which a Sheikh or pir transmits spiritual discipline to students.[51]. Rochford, E.B. (Translated by Michael Sadler.) The Sufi have suffered severe persecution by more rigid and fundamentalist groups such as the Wahhabi and Salafi movement. [72][73] Rāja marga is the path of cultivating necessary virtues, self-discipline, tapas (meditation), contemplation and self-reflection sometimes with isolation and renunciation of the world, to a pinnacle state called samādhi. M. T. H. Sadler. LibriVox recording of Concerning the Spiritual in Art by Wassily Kandinsky. Modern spirituality centers on the "deepest values and meanings by which people live". Klostermaier discusses examples from Bhagavata Purana, another ancient Hindu scripture, where a forest worker discovers observing mother nature is a spiritual practice, to wisdom and liberating knowledge. "The charm of naturalism". 75–86). Gavin Flood (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press. Spiritual well-being, religiosity, hope, depression, and other mood states in elderly people coping with cancer 24. [ kṣetra-jñá ] g. [ yuvādi ], spirituality, nature of the soul Lit. [110][need quotation to verify] Nevertheless, spirituality has played a central role in some self-help movements such as Alcoholics Anonymous: if an alcoholic failed to perfect and enlarge his spiritual life through work and self-sacrifice for others, he could not survive the certain trials and low spots ahead[111], Such spiritually-informed treatment approaches have been challenged as pseudoscience. [62] Within this diffuse and open structure, spirituality in Hindu philosophy is an individual experience, and referred to as ksaitrajña (Sanskrit: क्षैत्रज्ञ[63]). These four paths of spirituality are also known in Hinduism outside India, such as in Balinese Hinduism, where it is called Catur Marga (literally: four paths). Emmons, R.A. (2005). It is derived from the Old French espirit, which comes from the Latin word spiritus (soul, courage, vigor, breath) and is related to spirare (to breathe). [114][115] Important early-20th century Western writers who studied the phenomenon of spirituality, and their works, include William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) and Rudolph Otto, especially The Idea of the Holy (1917), James' notions of "spiritual experience" had a further influence on the modernist streams in Asian traditions, making them even further recognisable for a western audience. [107][unreliable source?] Concerning the Spiritual in Art - Originally published in 1911, Kandinsky compares the spiritual life of humanity to a large triangle similar to a pyramid; the artist has the task and the mission of leading others to the top by the exercise of his talent. Substance Use & Misuse, 45(13), 2130–51. 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