Motor vehicle collisions, for example, are the number one cause of femur fractures. 1. At the ends of the femur are areas of compact bone, which is solid and does not contain marrow. In reality, there is no way to tell the difference between a hip fracture or a hip dislocation other than with an x-ray. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Hip Anatomy: Bones. The bone of the thigh is called the femur. Details; Identifiers; Latin: Trochanter: FMA: 82513: Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata] A trochanter is a tubercle of the femur near its joint with the hip bone. The femur is found in the thigh. The neck and head of the femur contain spongy bone. The head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the hip (at the acetabulum), being held in place by a ligament within the socket and by strong surrounding ligaments. The medullary cavity contains red bone marrow, which is involved in the production of red blood cells. This is known as an extension of the leg or the hip. That thin strip of bone is femoral neck. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments, and can be divided into three parts; proximal, shaft and distal. It consists of a head and neck, and two bony processes - the greater and lesser trochanters. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint; the round head of the femur rests in a cavity (the acetabulum) that allows free rotation of the limb. Skeletal Blood Flow in Bone Repair and Maintenance. The bones of the human leg, like those of other mammals, consist of a basal segment, the femur (thighbone); an intermediate segment, the tibia (shinbone) and the smaller fibula ; and a distal segment, the pes ( foot ), consisting of tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges (toes). Rod Brouhard is an emergency medical technician paramedic (EMT-P), journalist, educator, and advocate for emergency medical service providers and patients. Femur anatomy is so unique that it makes the bone suitable for supporting the numerous muscular and ligamentous attachments within this region, in addition to maximally extending the limb during ambulation. It is the site of attachment for many of the muscles in the gluteal region, such as gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis. Bone Res. Over time, red bone marrow is replaced by yellow bone marrow, which helps to store fat. The femur of an adult male is about 19 inches long and a bit under an inch in diameter. Read our, Medically reviewed by Anita C. Chandrasekaran, MD, MPH, Medically reviewed by Elizabeth Molina Ortiz, MD, MPH, Medically reviewed by Rochelle Collins, DO, Medically reviewed by Jonathan Cluett, MD, Medically reviewed by Laura Campedelli, PT, DPT, Medically reviewed by Stuart Hershman, MD, Groin Pain When Walking: Causes, Treatments, and When to See a Doctor, Bone Marrow: Anatomy, Function, and Treatment, Anatomy and Function of the Iliacus Muscle, These Are the Most Common Fractures of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot, How the Insertion of Muscles in Your Joints Helps Them Move, Causes and Treatment of a Femur Fracture (Broken Thigh Bone), A Quick Overview of the Anatomy of the Ossicles. This curves down into the neck of the bone, and there are two trochanters on the opposite edge of the top of each femur. Loss of blood flow causes the head of the femur to stop and the bone tissue dies, known as osteonecrosis. The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is one of the largest and strongest bones in the body extending from the hip joint all the way down to the knee joint. Fig 2 – The posterior surface of the right femur. To access the TeachMeAnatomy 3D Model, you must be a premium subscriber. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments, and can be divided into three parts; proximal, shaft and distal. The neck of the femur is generally minimal or absent in the most primitive forms, reflecting a simple attachment to the acetabulum. Because the femur is so strong, it usually takes a lot of force to break it. The proximal end of the femur (the part closest to the heart) is the head of the femur. 1. Case contributed by Dr Roberto Schubert. Fig 3 – Posterior surface of the right femoral shaft. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femur – its attachments, bony landmarks, and clinical correlations. It is very difficult to identify the difference between a hip fracture (a broken head or neck of the femur) and a hip dislocation. The head of the femur joins the pelvis (acetabulum) to form the hip joint. It has a circular head that looks like a mushroom ballooning out of one corner. They can often occur as a spiral fracture, which causes leg shortening. The other two borders of the femur are only slightly marked: the lateral border extends from the antero-inferior angle of the greater trochanter to the anterior extremity of the lateral condyle; the medial border from the intertrochanteric line, at a point opposite the lesser trochanter, to … It is the largest bone in the body. Functionally, the hip joint enjoys a very high range of motion. The femoral artery is a large artery in the thigh and the main arterial supply to the thigh and leg. The blood flow causes the head of the femur are areas of compact bone, pelvic bone and make more. 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