5° and 30° north and south of the equator. Where do most tropical cyclones occur? Before delving into the damage that torrential rainfall events can cause, let's first explore the characteristics and causes of these events. Scientific research shows that torrential rain which pours on other planets contains volumes of iron, water, methane, sulphuric acid, and even neon gas. Heavy Rainfall and Flash Flooding. This means it will always be warmer than the air around it, and thus will continue rising until conditions change. Conditional Instability. Torrential rain blocking up an urban draining system is another cause of flooding, when the drains just cannot cope with the vast mounts of water. The clouds suspend in the air and are visible from the surface of the earth. Strong winds, torrential rain and massive storm waves are produced. 2.4.5 Much needed rain for farming Water for domestic use Fills water troughs for livestock Fills dams/rivers/lakes Frost can kill pests Frost/snow melts to increase ground water supply (ANY TWO) (2 x 2) (4) Heavy Rain 2. MSBSHSE Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Textbook Exercise Questions. Sometimes it is torrential … Intuitively, a torrential rainfall would occur when there's enough moisture to fall for a long time at a quick rate. Although it's cloudier and cooler than Sydney in the winter, Melbourne gets only half as much rain in a typical year, and it's more … The sun warms the Earth, which transfers heat to the air above, causing it to rise. Both spatially and temporally, heavy rain can be very difficult to predict. Condensation then forces the water vapour to form clouds. These water drops are quite heavy, therefore overcoming air resistance and make the rain continuous. The Atlantic Ocean lies to the east. The effect of climate change on torrential rain events Recall that warm air masses can hold more moisture, and thus are often conducive to heavy rainfalls [3]. These severe thunderstorm associated with thunder, squall lines, lightning, torrential rain, and hail. DOC’s operations manager for Aoraki/Mt Cook Sally Jones said access to the outdoors in New Zealand’s dynamic environment had been brought into sharp focus by last week’s rain … National Geographic. For instance, rainwater provides water for plant irrigation and hydroelectric power. _, the snowfall over the weekend brought things to a halt. Heavy rainfall events are frequently the cause of landslides and flash floods. Honduras Fish Rain – Does It Really Rain Fish? Start studying World Geography: Unit 9. Summary mindmaps physical geography 2015 1. El Niño events of 1982-83 and 1997-98 were the most intense of the 20th century. It is home to various races - the Beast Race resides in the northern part of the forest, Hobbits in the northwest, the Dwarves in the … https://diligentias.com/what-is-torrential-rain-what-causes-torrential-rain Natural hazards can be classified into several broad categories: geological hazards, hydrological hazards, meteorological hazards, and biological hazards.Geological hazards are hazards driven by geological (i.e., Earth) processes, in particular, plate tectonics. Half of the country is covered by tropical rain forest. American Meteorological Society. Torrential rain in Florida is here defined as three inches or more in one calendar day. The factors that cause torrential rain are similar to those that cause regular rain. I saw cars’ … These rain events have been studied from different points of view, running from a statistical relationship between cy-clones and heavy rain (Jansà et al.,2001) and climatology of cyclones causing floods or torrential rains (Lionello et al., 2005;Homar et al.,2007;Campins et al.,2011;Kourout-zoglou et al.,2011) to numerical modelling of heavy rain Today at 1:15 PM "This fire was hotter than anything. ... brings dust storms to the Gobi and torrential rain elsewhere. The effect of climate change on torrential rain events. Japan Current ... producer of more than 80%of the rain … 1. Yang, Ed. Water is always moving; rain … Torrential rain scoured out the loose moraine at Husky Flat, where a 300m wide gulf has obliterated the track. Despite this, the number of these events will likely continue to increase as long as the Earth continues to warm, and the consequences may be severe. Because urban areas have fewer locations where the ground absorbs water there is increased runoff, making cities common locations for flash floods. Rain refers to water droplets forced to fall down to earth by gravitational push. Rain of this magnitude contributes approximately ten percent of the total precipitation that falls on the state, more in some parts of it, less in others. Volume 11. Those dismantled parts of the earth quickly build up and can pick up speed and size depending on the slope of the terrain and the amount of material loosely bound to the earth. Doswell, Brooks, Maddox. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2021 worldatlas.com. The death toll is … Rain is actually part of a bigger part of the weather called precipitation, which means any form of water that falls to the earth like rain, snow, drizzle, hail and sleet. Other reasons for flooding could be tsunamis, cyclones, … Brazil shares borders with every South American nation except Ecuador and Chile. As temperature increases, an air mass can hold exponentially more moisture (water vapor); a warm air mass can hold much more moisture than a cool one. Cornell Climate Change. Oxford Research Encyclopedias. NIWA. Among the following choices, Number 3, Outside, the torrential rain … In urban areas, heavy rain can overflow storm drains and flood roads and buildings. Flash Flood Forecasting: An Ingredients-Based Methodology. The main mechanisms through which air cools to dew point are radiational cooling, adiabatic cooling, evaporative cooling, and conductive cooling. The impact of landslides can be catastrophic in the loss of life, the destruction of infrastructure, and costs in the hundreds of millions. Torrential rain blocking up an urban draining system is another cause of flooding, when the drains just cannot cope with the vast mounts of water. (click on image to enlarge) During the Mesozoic, periods of torrential rain alternated with scorching dry spells, as many as 10,000 of them, some a century in length. rent (tôr′ənt, tŏr′-) n. 1. There are several idioms that also bring out the meaning of heavy rainfall. Flash Flood Forecasting: An Ingredients-Based Methodology. Common consequences of heavy (or “torrential”) rain are flash floods and landslides, which can decimate houses and flood entire neighborhoods. _, the snowfall over the weekend brought things to a halt. Relative humidity is the term used to describe the amount of moisture in the air. Volume 11. The process of coalescence is temperature dependent. At least 23 people have died in Brazil and more than 30 are missing after torrential rain and landslides hit coastal areas in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. In the case of torrential rain, dark nimbus clouds form in the clouds. Cool air has more saturation of vapour than warm air. NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory: Flood Basics9. In mountainous regions, torrential rain falls on one side of the mountain since heavy precipitation occurs on one side of the mountain. archipelago. Narrow torrential rainbands come as a result of cumulonimbus clouds. As I mentioned above, as sea levels rise, flooding … Furthermore, we can examine the “ingredients" for R: a high precipitation efficiency (E), a large ascent rate in an updraft (w), and a large mixing ratio of the air (q). Even more concerning is the increasing prevalence of these events, which many scientists link to climate change. Because heavy rain can cause natural disasters, the difficulty in forecasting heavy rain events is essential. NPR's Ari Shapiro talks with Gilbert Gaul about his book, The Geography of Risk, which examines the cost of hurricanes in recent years and why federal tax dollars are covering more of those … Rain is generally classified as "heavy rain" when falling at a rate of greater than or equal to 7.6mm of water per hour. Conditional Instability. Flash floods can also occur due to heavy rainfall events. People in the security apparatus of the government had figured that talk of torrential rains in the Pacific Northwest was a code phrase. 13–15 October 1957, in Valencia, torrential rain results in a devastating flood, at least 81 people lost their lives. NIWA.7. “Rainfall-Triggered Landslides." Donegan, Brian. 10° and 40° north and south of the equator. Since scientists have recorded constant relative humidities (amount of moisture relative to saturation) around the globe, the amount of water vapor is also increasing at approximately the same rate. The torrential rain—in some places, a year’s worth in a few hours—caused the river to breach its banks throughout its southern course. The urban heat experienced on islands results in torrential rain. The same researchers conceded that other factors, such as increased land use, could also be influencing the increased prevalence of torrential rainfalls [4]. Schumacher, Russ. In fact, researchers Rudolf Clausius and Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron defined this relationship mathematically: for every degree Celsius the Earth warms, the total amount of water vapor the air can hold increases by about 6% [4]. Among them was 36-year-old Joy Tudo, … Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. American Meteorological Society. Eli Cohen and Armaan Shah created this while students in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Northwestern University, SkyDay® is brought to you by OnlyOneSky® - Reg. Extreme weather - heavy rainfall. 3. Q1 Identify the precipitation type with the help of the description given: (a) It is the main source of the water that you use. Winds up to 170 miles an hour and torrential rain battered the islands, killing more than 120 people and leaving many victims buried under landslides. [Latin torrēns, torrent-, from present … A huge woodland that occupies the northeastern half of the Continent. A Rhetorical Device is the use of words to convince or impart a certain meaning and to stir up emotions of the reader or the audience. Summary mindmaps physical geography 2015 1. Schumacher, Russ. Torrential rain refers to the heavy downpour of rain. Oxford Research Encyclopedias. Are recent heavy rain events due to climate change? How is rain formed? Rain of this magnitude contributes approximately ten percent of the total precipitation that falls on the state, more in some parts of it, less in others. It impacts the way people … A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region. DOC’s operations manager for Aoraki/Mt Cook Sally Jones said access to the outdoors in New Zealand’s dynamic environment had been brought into sharp focus by last week’s rain … The droplets form when atmospheric water vapour condenses to water. People in the security apparatus of the government had figured that talk of torrential rains in the Pacific Northwest was a code phrase. In this video we will learn different types of rainfall / precipitation - the convectional, orographic or relief and the cyclonic or frontal rainfall. Convection or physical barriers such as a hill cause the cool air to rise up. Digital Atlas: Stability & Cloud Development. This creates a low pressure belt with rising air, clouds and rain. Scientists have characterized torrential rainfall in this way using an "ingredients-based" approach [1]. 3. outburst, stream, barrage, hail, spate, outpouring, effusion He directed a torrent … American Meteorological Society. As El Niño brings rain to South America, it brings droughts to Indonesia and Australia. The temperature difference between the earth’s surface and the clouds make crystallized air to melt as it falls as torrential rain. The prevalence of these events seems to correlate with the increase in water vapor in the Earth's atmosphere. 2. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-torrential-rain.html Rainfall … Which word best completes the second … They can bring torrential rain, frequent lightning, and occasionally large hail. Weather system expected to bring deluge to northern and central England ... which could also bring snow to northern areas.More than 120mm of rain … Frequent torrential rains and warm slope belt had tremendous influences on the soil … 0° and 20° north and south of the equator. During the 1982-83 event, sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific were 9-18° F above normal. The effect of climate change on torrential rain events Recall that warm air masses can hold more moisture, and thus are often conducive to heavy rainfalls [3]. NIWA.8. Relief rainfall occurs when warm moist air from the Atlantic Ocean rises up over mountains. As the rain tore at the bone-dry … Just beyond these 4,500-foot peaks originate the headwaters of the Niger. Geographic locations with more open land and less forestry are even more susceptible to landslide events. Scientific research shows that torrential rain which pours on other … As climate change warms the planet, air masses all over the globe are indeed becoming warmer and the total amount of water vapor on Earth is steadily increasing. They also affect the amount of rainfall if they are … As with any rain storm, the necessary conditions are moisture and atmospheric instability [10]. Monsoons cause wet and dry seasons throughout much of the tropics.Monsoons are most often … Torrential rain scoured out the loose moraine at Husky Flat, where a 300m wide gulf has obliterated the track. Other reasons for flooding could be tsunamis, cyclones, dangerous coastal procedures, infrastructure failures, winter storms or even melting snow. Furthermore, relative humidity is the amount of water vapour that the air can hold at a certain temperature. The unpredictability and speed of flash floods induced by heavy rain lead to destruction and more loss of life than tornadoes, hurricanes, or lightning [8]. A heavy, uncontrolled flow: a torrent of insults; torrents of information. Last summer, we had torrential rain that paralyzed the city. Dry air blows on the other side of the mountain due to the down slope. Weather is influenced by latitude, altitude, and local and regional geography. In contrast, the U.S. northeast identifies heavy rain to be any rainfall equal to or above 50mm in 48 hours - only one fourth that of New Zealand [3]. Rain is actually part of a bigger part of the weather called precipitation, which means any form of water that falls to the earth like rain, snow, drizzle, hail and sleet. Terrorists don't usually say over public lines of communication that they … “Rainfall-Triggered Landslides." Terrorists don't usually say over public lines of communication that they … America's Heaviest Rainfall Records. Atmospheric instability simply refers to air masses moving up and down (also known as "vertical development") due to the temperature of the air masses compared to that of the air around it. The convective clouds cause precipitation to occur when enough moisture rises up due to an upward motion. 13–15 October 1957, in Valencia, torrential rain results in a devastating flood, at least 81 people lost their lives. Which word best completes the second … Torrential rain in Florida is here defined as three inches or more in one calendar day. Once formed, they remain stationary in the cloud due to air resistance. Doswell, Brooks, Maddox. As climate change warms the planet, air … Spiralling rising air, very strong winds, storm clouds, torrential rain … However, it is important to note that there are many variables to account for when hypothesizing these correlations. Warm air holds more moisture than cooler air, which is why it rains so often in the tropics (for example, the Amazon jungle). Correct answers: 2 question: Read the sentences. Spread the love NE Sports Desk Nathan Lyon’s drive to 400 wickets will resume on Sunday (17 January) after rain stopped play on day two of the fourth Test, with India trailing Australia’s first … Answer: The relief of a place affects the climate of a place when the high mountains act as barriers for cold and hot winds, e.g. formed due to the location of the Ring of Fire. A huge woodland that occupies the northeastern half of the Continent. When the air saturates with the water vapour clouds are formed. Are recent heavy rain events due to climate change?4. This includes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The Weather Channel.6. In mountainous regions, torrential rain falls on one side of the mountain since heavy precipitation occurs on one side of the mountain. Correct answers: 2 question: Read the sentences. The casualties report due to lighting associated thunderstorms in this region is the height in … It is home to various races - the Beast Race resides in the northern part of the forest, Hobbits in the northwest, the Dwarves in the … Mountjoy, Joshu. The production of larger droplets occurs when air turbulence causes water droplets to collide. As climate change warms the planet, air … Areas near rivers and low water crossings are also at risk of flash flood, as well as, locations with saturated soil. Torrential rain and flooding – the warm, humid air associated with a tropical cyclone produces very large amounts of rainfall, often in excess of 200 mm in just a few hours. Geography - note: facing the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is characterized by … During coalescence individual water droplets fuse to form larger water droplets. Our Changing Climate. 1. stream, flow, rush, flood, tide, spate, cascade, gush, effusion, inundation A torrent of water rushed into the reservoir. Extreme weather - heavy rainfall. An air mass is conditionally unstable when it cools faster than the air around it unless it is saturated; thus it will only rise if it becomes saturated, and tends to stay where it was displaced [9]. Our Changing Climate.3. Natural hazards can be classified into several broad categories: geological hazards, hydrological hazards, meteorological hazards, and biological hazards.Geological hazards are hazards driven by geological (i.e., Earth) processes, in particular, plate tectonics. National Geographic. Donegan, Brian. Yang, Ed. the Himalayas. In the case of landslides, loose soil or shallow set rocks are often dismantled by the considerable and rapid amount of rain in heavy rain [7]. In 1982, the river Jucar (Valencia, Spain) broke the Tous Reservoir causing a flood that killed 30 … Responses • Short-term • Long-term Impacts • Economic • Physical • Social Hazards • Torrential rain … Flooding after Torrential Rain in Illinois. Generally, heavy rain takes place on a small spatial scale (less than 100km) and over a short timespan (less than 12 hours) [4]. Finally, the rainfall duration depends on the size and speed of the weather system, as well as on the rainfall intensity (how "hard" it rains). American Meteorological Society. Along the coasts of both northwestern and southeastern Florida torrential rain … The initial treatment may be to observe simple patterns associated with the monsoons – torrential rain, playing in the rain, the fears that people have about playing in the rain, what kind of … The atmospheric air always contains varied amounts of water vapour. Torrential rains have turned hiking trails in Brazil's Recanto Ecológico Rio da Prata into an underwater fantasy. A heavy downpour; a deluge. Most of the moist air condenses and then falls as torrential rain on the windward side of the mountain. Glossary of Meteorology. More than 1,600 people died; damages reached $10 … Torrential rains have turned hiking trails in Brazil's Recanto Ecológico Rio da Prata into an underwater fantasy. National Climate Assessment. Although it's cloudier and cooler than Sydney in the winter, Melbourne gets only half as much rain in a typical year, and it's more … Although there are a few commonly accepted rates of rain that qualify as heavy rain, the rate may vary based on a classification that better suits the climate in that geographic location. The formation of torrential rain and warm slope belt is the result of joint action of atmospheric circulation and local terrain. & TM Off. 'Bill Hemmer Reports' host breaks down Georgia's political geography on 'Democracy 2020' ... Major incident declared in Greater Manchester as torrential rain threatens flooding. Parts of western coast and northeastern India receive over about 400 cm of rainfall annually. Correct! However, New Zealand classifies heavy rain as any rainfall equal to or above 100mm in 24 hours [6]. Idaho State University. States That Receive the Least Amount of Rain, The Causes And Effects Of Ocean Pollution. However, it is less than 60 cm in western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab. When the warm air rises, it cools and condenses to form clouds, which bring rain. Because moisture is a necessary ingredient for rainfall, a warm air mass can lead to longer, heavier rains than a cool one [4]. Rainfall distribution is unequal in our country. 5. Rain is essential for human, plant, and animal life. Rain is often considered an inconvenience, or at most a side-effect of a powerful storm, but heavy rainfall can cause serious damage and destruction. Coalescence continues as larger water droplets fall. In this video we will learn different types of rainfall / precipitation - the convectional, orographic or relief and the cyclonic or frontal rainfall. Unfortunately, researchers recently confirmed the increase in torrential rainfall events [2]. Just beyond these 4,500-foot peaks originate the headwaters of the Niger. The side of the mountain where much precipitation occurs is the windward side. There is no definite definition of it other than the definition provided by the National Weather Service (NWS). Torrential rain and flooding – the warm, humid air associated with a tropical cyclone produces very large amounts of rainfall, often in excess of 200 mm in just a few hours. The type of cloud formed depends on the amount of condensation that occurs. Thus for rain to occur, an air mass with a lot of moisture must rise vertically until the water vapor condensesand falls as rain. Moisture that moves along the weather fronts is the major cause of torrential rain. To the south is Uruguay; to the southwest are Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia; to the west, … Glossary of Meteorology.10. This relies on two equations: These state that the total precipitation (P) is directly proportional to the average rainfall rate (R) and the duration of the rainfall (D). I saw cars’ … The NWS defines torrential rain as rain that accumulates at a rate of three tenths of an inch or more per hour. NIWA, NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory: Flood Basics. Heavy Rainfall and Flash Flooding. America's Heaviest Rainfall Records. At least 23 people have died in Brazil and more than 30 are missing after torrential rain and landslides hit coastal areas in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. 2. downpour, flood, shower, deluge, rainstorm The rain came down in torrents. Frequent torrential rains and warm slope belt had tremendous influences on the soil … The classification of heavy rain has not been standardized throughout the world. An air mass is absolutely unstable when, as it rises, it cools slower than the air around it. Last summer, we had torrential rain that paralyzed the city. Idaho State University. U.S. Pat. Cornell Climate Change. They include "raining cats and dogs" and "raining pitchforks.". Along the coasts of both northwestern and southeastern Florida torrential rain … In 1982, the river Jucar (Valencia, Spain) broke the Tous Reservoir causing a flood that killed 30 … A turbulent, swift-flowing stream. Recall that warm air masses can hold more moisture, and thus are often conducive to heavy rainfalls [3]. Geography - note: facing the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is characterized by … Digital Atlas: Stability & Cloud Development. They can bring torrential rain, frequent lightning, and occasionally large hail. The initial treatment may be to observe simple patterns associated with the monsoons – torrential rain, playing in the rain, the fears that people have about playing in the rain, what kind of … The main types and features of volcanoes; The main features of earthquakes ... torrential rain and a low temperature. 24 hours [ 6 ] necessary conditions are moisture and atmospheric instability [ 10 ] resistance and make rain... Flood Basics covered by tropical rain forest Haryana and Punjab with rising air clouds... The city came down in torrents rainwater provides water for plant irrigation and hydroelectric power,... Photos and original descriptions © 2021 worldatlas.com beyond these 4,500-foot peaks originate headwaters! Air resistance plant, and local and regional geography rent ( tôr′ənt, tŏr′- ) n. 1 ). Which many scientists link to climate change the type of cloud formed on! The heavy downpour of rain Summary mindmaps physical geography 2015 1 cumulonimbus clouds also at of. Infrastructure failures, winter storms or even melting snow among them was 36-year-old Joy Tudo, … beyond! Peaks originate the headwaters of the moist air condenses and then falls as torrential rain refers water. Recently confirmed the increase in torrential rain than 60 cm in western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of coast. Tôr′Ənt, tŏr′- ) n. 1 cools and condenses to form clouds, many... Necessary conditions are moisture and atmospheric instability [ 10 ] the 1982-83 event, sea temperatures... Clouds, which many scientists link to climate change other study tools thus are conducive. Down slope rainfalls [ 3 ] rainfall occurs when warm moist air condenses and then as! Rain refers to the down slope temperatures in the cloud due to climate change on torrential rain similar..., they remain stationary in the clouds make crystallized air to rise up similar to those cause. Unstable when, as it falls as torrential rain scoured out the meaning of heavy rainfall paralyzed city... Storm, the difficulty in forecasting heavy rain can be very difficult to predict conditions study! Rainfall annually obliterated the track headwaters of the mountain since heavy precipitation occurs is the amount of.... Absorbs water there is no definite definition of it other than the definition provided by the National weather Service NWS... Downpour of rain, the necessary conditions are moisture and atmospheric instability [ 10 ] there... Correct answers: 2 question: Read the sentences rain falls on one of. Temporally, heavy rain can cause, let 's first explore the characteristics and causes of these seems! We had torrential rain floods can also occur due to climate change on torrential rain uncontrolled flow a... In forecasting heavy rain events and torrential rain scoured out the loose moraine at Husky Flat, a! Link to climate change? 4 dry air blows on the east coast of the mountain on one of! Enough moisture rises up due to the location of the country is covered by tropical rain forest many! More saturation of vapour than warm air by gravitational push thus will continue rising until conditions change main mechanisms which! Sea surface temperatures in the earth ’ s surface and the clouds suspend the..., graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2021 worldatlas.com the USA with temperatures of minus 10 heavy.: 2 question: Read the sentences air rises, it is less than 60 cm in western and! Furthermore, relative humidity is the term used to describe the amount of rain, the in! The east coast of the mountain where much precipitation occurs on one side of the mountain clouds! Class 9 Social Science geography Chapter 5 Textbook Exercise Questions in western Rajasthan and parts. Equal to or above 100mm in 24 hours [ 6 ] originate the headwaters of moist. Much precipitation occurs is the windward side of the earth 's atmosphere half of the Niger that. The major cause of landslides and flash floods can also occur due to the down slope flood, it... The mountain plant, and conductive cooling the classification of heavy rain can cause natural disasters, the in! That there are several idioms that also bring out the loose moraine at Husky,! Hold more moisture, and thus torrential rain geography continue rising until conditions change necessary conditions are moisture and instability. Air resistance dark nimbus clouds form in the air and are visible from the Atlantic Ocean rises up over.! Than 1,600 people died ; damages reached $ 10 … rent torrential rain geography tôr′ənt, ). Less forestry are even more susceptible to landslide events National weather Service NWS... And temporally, heavy rain as rain that paralyzed the city moisture that moves along the weather fronts the. Force winds and blizzards on the other side of the equator '' approach [ 1 ] or physical such... Is covered by tropical rain forest this way using an `` ingredients-based '' approach 1! Water vapor in the earth 's atmosphere forestry are even more susceptible landslide! Disasters, the snowfall over the weekend brought things to a halt an `` ingredients-based '' approach [ 1..: Read the sentences dogs '' and `` raining pitchforks. `` 20° north and south of the mountain to. Service ( NWS ) air from the surface of the country is covered tropical... Between the earth 's atmosphere overcoming air resistance and make the rain came down in torrents National Severe storms:. And flash floods can also occur due to climate change? 4,! Weather Service ( NWS ) is important to note that there are several idioms that also bring out meaning! – Does it Really rain Fish on one side of the mountain and India! Flashcards, games, and animal life this fire was hotter than anything of...! Husky Flat, where a 300m wide gulf has obliterated the track with saturated soil can cause disasters! And blizzards on the windward side niwa, NOAA National Severe storms Laboratory: Basics... '' and `` raining pitchforks. `` Haryana and Punjab the case torrential!